The Coastal Fortifications and Sea Gates
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To strengthen the coastal defensive line west of the harbour, the Venetians constructed a new curtain wall outside the old fortifications, partially dismantling the earlier rectangular towers and filling the intervening gaps with earth. The new wall extended westward to the Gulf of Dermatas. The embankment works were carried out between 1567 and 1570.
The harbour connected to the city through the Gate of the Mole, which was demolished in 1898, the Gate of the Bastion of Saint Andrew, which led west and became the point of Ottoman entry in 1669, the Gate of Dermatas (a small section survives beneath the coastal avenue), the Gate of the Arsenals, demolished in the 1930s, and the Gate of the Sabbionara Bastion, which was buried and later revealed in 2014.